What was the role of adversity, or hardship, in the developement of nation states?

19th century - People who felt discriminated against by their rulers, such as Irish under British rule, Greeks under Turkish rule and Finns under Russian rule experienced that as adversity and were therefore more likely to fight for a nationalist cause.





20th century - ditto for many countries in Africa, the Caribbean and Asia under European colonial rule, though in some cases (India, Trinidad etc) not with fighting, but nevertheless voting for nationalist parties against pro-colonial parties in elections organised by the colonial power in the run-up to independence..